Yue Zhuo , Bing Liu

DOI:10.46695/ASCS.5.3.1

Abstract

PURPOSE The purpose of this review is to explore the application and recent advancements in the use of chromatographic-mass spectrometry techniques for detecting tramadol, a synthetic opioid analgesic, in sports. The review aims to address concerns about tramadol's potential for addiction, drug dependence, and enhancement of athletic performance, which are ethically problematic in competitive sports. METHOD The review discusses various current detection methods for tramadol, including High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD), Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detection (GC-FID), Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Photodiode Array Detection (HPLC-PDA), and Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Additionally, it reviews sample preparation techniques such as liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and solid-phase extraction (SPE). RESULTS Chromatographic-mass spectrometry methods have been found to demonstrate high sensitivity and selectivity, which are crucial for the precise identification and quantification of tramadol and its metabolites. These methods are capable of detecting tramadol effectively, providing a reliable means for its detection in sports. CONCLUSION The review concludes that chromatographic-mass spectrometry techniques offer valuable insights for pharmaceutical laboratories, doping control scientists, and researchers. These methods are essential for addressing the ethical concerns surrounding tramadol use in sports and ensuring fair competition by detecting and quantifying the presence of this substance and its metabolites with high accuracy.

Key Words

Asnti-doping, narcotics, Tramadol, sample preparation techniques, Chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques

Yongping Zhang , Weiguang Lin , Cai Lin

DOI:10.46695/ASCS.5.3.2

Abstract

This study explores the relationship among environmental quality, satisfaction, and resident loyalty of city sports parks. Furthermore, it verifies the mediating role of satisfaction in the relationship between environmental quality and resident loyalty. METHOD A cluster random sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey of 600 residents of Guangzhou Sports Park. RESULTS The results show that although environmental quality positively impacted satisfaction, it has no significant effect on resident loyalty. However, satisfaction significantly impacts resident loyalty and plays a significant mediating role in the relationship between environmental quality and resident loyalty CONCLUSION Our results contribute to the city sports park literature by elucidating the complex relationships among environmental quality, satisfaction, and resident loyalty in the context of city sports parks to improve residents’ satisfaction with environmental quality. This, in turn, improves residents’ satisfaction with city sports parks, usage rates, and loyalty, thereby promoting the sustainable development of city sports parks.

Key Words

City sports park, environmental quality, satisfaction, loyalty

Wang Zuo , Kyungsik Kim

DOI:10.46695/ASCS.5.3.3

Abstract

PURPOSE This study is to verify the model fitting degree of the Chinese basketball audience's spectator satisfaction and rewatching intention, and to explore the causal relationship between game situation (GS), stadium factors (SF), spectator satisfaction (SS), and rewatching intention (RI). METHOD China basketball fans were randomly selected as samples. A total of 920 questionnaires were collected, of which 17 questionnaires were incomplete or invalid, so they were excluded. Finally, 903 questionnaires were used for data analysis. CFA, descriptive statistics and difference tests were conducted using AMOS 26.0 and SPSS 26.0. RESULT The results show that: (1) GS influence SF. (2) SF influence SS. (3) GS influence RI. (4) SF influence RI. (5) SS influence RI. (6) SS plays an important mediating role between GS, SF, and RI. CONCLUSION The results support the importance of game situation, stadium factors, spectator satisfaction and rewatching intention to Chinese basketball audiences. Managers and marketers should pay attention to the factors that affect rewatching intention, use innovative marketing methods to shape more attractive game situations, and improve the satisfaction of Chinese basketball audiences by improving service quality and venue environment to build rewatching intention. This study provides theoretical significance for the continuous participation of the Chinese basketball audiences, promotes the spectator satisfaction of the Chinese basketball audiences, and provides valuable suggestions for improving the rewatching intention of the Chinese basketball audiences.

Key Words

Game situation, stadium factors, spectator satisfaction, rewatching intention